Colorectal cancer is a growing concern for young adults, with alarming statistics revealing a sharp rise in diagnoses among those under 50. The deaths of celebrities like James Van Der Beek and Chadwick Boseman at relatively young ages have brought this issue to the forefront. But what's causing this trend, and who is most at risk? Here's a comprehensive look at the rising prevalence of colorectal cancer in younger adults, along with key symptoms and protective measures.
The Rising Threat
Colorectal cancer is no longer just an issue for older adults. According to the American Cancer Society, over 158,000 cases of colorectal cancer will be diagnosed in the U.S. this year, making it the second leading cancer killer across all ages. While cases and deaths have generally decreased over time, thanks to screening tests that detect tumors early, the trend is not holding true for younger adults.
Since the early 2000s, colorectal cancer diagnoses have been on the rise among those under 50. In fact, researchers from the cancer society reported last month that mortality rates in this age group have increased by 1.1% annually since 2005, making it the deadliest cancer in this demographic. This year, an estimated 3,890 people under 50 will succumb to the disease.
Who's Most at Risk?
While the vast majority of colorectal cancer cases and deaths still occur in individuals 50 and older, younger adults are not immune to the risk. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include obesity, lack of physical activity, a diet high in red or processed meat and low in fruits and vegetables, smoking, heavy alcohol use, inflammatory bowel disease, and a family history of the disease. However, many young patients lack these common risk factors, leaving experts puzzled as to the exact cause of the rise in diagnoses.
One potential clue lies in changes to the gut bacteria, or microbiome, of young people. Georgetown University's Dr. John Marshall speculates that alterations in the microbiome might play a role in the development of colorectal cancer in younger adults. Additionally, the location of tumors along the colon can influence their aggressiveness and treatment approach, with a marked difference observed between younger and older individuals.
Symptoms to Watch For
Symptoms of colorectal cancer can include blood in the stool or rectal bleeding, changes in bowel habits such as diarrhea, constipation, or narrowing of the stool that lasts for several days, unintended weight loss, and cramps or abdominal pain. It's crucial to note that early detection significantly improves survival rates. Don't ignore these symptoms; get them checked out.
When to Get Screened
Medical guidelines recommend that the average person start getting screened for colorectal cancer at age 45. However, this may be too late for some young adults. Those known to be at higher risk should discuss starting screening earlier with their doctors. The frequency of screening depends on the chosen screening method, with options including yearly stool-based tests or colonoscopies every 10 years if no issues are found. A newer blood test for adults aged 45 and above is also available.
Protecting Yourself
While the exact causes of the rise in colorectal cancer among young adults are still being investigated, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk. Dr. Marshall advises eating plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, while limiting meat consumption. A recent study also found that a three-year exercise program improved survival in colon cancer patients and reduced cancer recurrence.
Remember, early detection is key to successful treatment. Don't ignore symptoms, and get screened regularly. By staying informed and taking proactive steps, you can help protect yourself and your loved ones from this insidious disease.
